The Extent and Consequences of P-Hacking in Science

Megan L. Head, Luke Holman, Rob Lanfear, Andrew T. Kahn & Michael D. Jennions

Text-mines the p-values reported across the biomedical and life sciences literature and finds a pattern consistent with widespread p-hacking, but argues the resulting bias is small relative to the true effects being measured, so it inflates rather than manufactures most published findings.