Architecture & Built Environment · Urban Design & Planning
A topic within Urban Design & Planning, itself one of 12 topics in that field and part of Architecture & Built Environment.
2 works
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Reviews the research linking land-use patterns, transportation choices and environmental outcomes, arguing that sprawling development measurably increases pollution, emissions and infrastructure cost compared with compact growth.
Notes on this copyReid Ewing & Shima Hamidi
Builds a composite sprawl index from density, land-use mix, activity centring and street connectivity for hundreds of U.S. metropolitan areas, and finds residents of the most compact metros have measurably better odds of upward economic mobility.
link checked 17 Sept 2026Notes on this copy