Paper2015
Hidden Technical Debt in Machine Learning Systems
Sculley et al.
The model is a tiny box in a large diagram; almost all the cost and almost all the failures live in the plumbing around it.
link checked 17 Sept 2026FreeIntermediate
Artificial Intelligence · Machine Learning Systems
Foundations & Overviews
A topic within Machine Learning Systems, itself one of 11 topics in that field and part of Artificial Intelligence.
Reading on Foundations & Overviews
22 works
Paper2022
Machine Learning Operations (MLOps): Overview, Definition, and Architecture
Kreuzberger, Kühl & Hirschl
Pulls a definition of MLOps out of practitioner interviews and tooling surveys, as a set of principles, components and roles rather than a category of product.
link checked 17 Sept 2026FreeIntermediate