Artificial Intelligence · Reinforcement Learning

Multi-Agent RL

A topic within Reinforcement Learning, itself one of 11 topics in that field and part of Artificial Intelligence.

Reading on Multi-Agent RL

2 works

Paper2017

Multi-Agent Actor-Critic for Mixed Cooperative-Competitive Environments

Lowe et al.

Gives each agent a critic that sees every agent's actions during training but a policy that only sees its own observations at test time, which stabilises learning in environments that are neither purely cooperative nor purely adversarial.

link checked 17 Sept 2026

Artificial Intelligence · Reinforcement Learning

FreeIntermediate

Paper1994

Markov Games as a Framework for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Michael L. Littman

Extends Markov decision processes to Markov games, and adapts Q-learning to a minimax version so that an agent learns a policy that is robust to an adversarial opponent rather than a fixed environment.

link checked 17 Sept 2026

Artificial Intelligence · Reinforcement Learning

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Reading on Multi-Agent RL

Multi-Agent Actor-Critic for Mixed Cooperative-Competitive Environments

Markov Games as a Framework for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Other topics in Reinforcement Learning