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Philosophy · Ancient Philosophy

Presocratics

A topic within Ancient Philosophy, itself one of 10 topics in that field and part of Philosophy.

Reading on Presocratics

2

2 works

Book500 BCE

Fragments

Heraclitus

Argues in aphorisms that reality is constituted by ceaseless change held in tension by an underlying logos, so that opposites are two aspects of one thing rather than two things.

link checked 17 Sept 2026
Book475 BCE

On Nature

Parmenides

Argues in verse that what is cannot come from what is not, so being must be single, unchanging and eternal, and that the world of change our senses report is mere appearance.

Other topics in Ancient Philosophy