Philosophy · Philosophy of Science
A topic within Philosophy of Science, itself one of 12 topics in that field and part of Philosophy.
2 works
Pierre Duhem
Argues that a physical theory can only be tested as a whole bundle of hypotheses, so an anomalous result never tells an experimenter which single hypothesis to revise.
link checked 17 Sept 2026W. V. O. Quine
Attacks the analytic-synthetic distinction and reductionism, arguing that our beliefs face experience only as a connected whole, so no single statement can be confirmed or refuted in isolation.
link checked 17 Sept 2026