Psychology · Psychometrics & Measurement
A topic within Psychometrics & Measurement, itself one of 9 topics in that field and part of Psychology.
2 works
Taciano L. Milfont & Ronald Fischer
A tutorial on testing whether a scale measures the same construct the same way across groups, walking through configural, metric and scalar invariance and what each licenses a researcher to compare.
Diane L. Putnick & Marc H. Bornstein
Argues a scale cannot be validly compared across groups or over time until it is shown to measure the same construct in the same way in each case, and that most published psychology skips this check before comparing group means.
link checked 17 Sept 2026