Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy
Robert J. Sampson, Stephen W. Raudenbush & Felton Earls
Finds that a neighbourhood's willingness to intervene for the common good -- collective efficacy -- predicts its violent crime rate better than poverty or racial composition alone, shifting the explanation for neighbourhood crime from who lives there to how neighbours relate to each other.
link checked 17 Sept 2026