Book
1879
Begriffsschrift
Gottlob Frege
Introduces a formal notation for quantifiers and bound variables that can express generality and relations beyond what propositional logic can capture, founding modern predicate logic.
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Groundwork for
Works in the library that name this one as a prerequisite.
- On Sense and ReferenceGottlob Frege, 1892Two expressions can refer to the same thing while differing in sense — 'the morning star' and 'the evening star' both name Venus but express it differently — which is why identity statements can be informative rather than trivial.
- Tractatus Logico-PhilosophicusLudwig Wittgenstein, 1921The world is everything that is the case, language pictures facts by sharing their logical form, and whatever cannot be pictured this way — ethics, aesthetics, the meaning of life — must be passed over in silence.
Filed under Logic in Philosophy.