Bones, joints, tendons and the injuries that limit people.
10 topics · 10 curated works
No prior grounding assumed.
The Lumbar Spine: Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy
Robin McKenzie · 1981
Proposes a mechanical diagnosis and self-treatment method for back pain based on how symptoms respond to repeated movement and posture, which became…
Assumes you know the vocabulary.
Prevention of Infection in the Treatment of One Thousand and Twenty-Five Open Fractures of Long Bones
Ramon B. Gustilo & John T. Anderson · 1976
Analyses a thousand open fractures to propose a severity classification predicting infection risk that still guides whether a fracture can be closed…
+5 more at this level
Primary sources and full treatments.
Radiological Assessment of Osteo-Arthrosis
J. H. Kellgren & J. S. Lawrence · 1957
Proposes a five-grade radiographic scale for osteoarthritis based on osteophytes and joint-space narrowing, giving epidemiological studies of the…
+2 more at this level
10 works
Robin McKenzie
Proposes a mechanical diagnosis and self-treatment method for back pain based on how symptoms respond to repeated movement and posture, which became the McKenzie method taught across physiotherapy.
Ramon B. Gustilo & John T. Anderson
Analyses a thousand open fractures to propose a severity classification predicting infection risk that still guides whether a fracture can be closed primarily or needs staged reconstruction.
World Health Organization
Lays out a fracture-risk-based approach to estimating an individual's absolute fracture risk, rather than bone density alone, to decide who needs osteoporosis treatment.
link checked 17 Sept 2026Jill L. Cook & Craig R. Purdam
Reframes tendon pain not as inflammation but as a continuum from reactive tendinopathy through disrepair to degeneration, explaining why anti-inflammatory treatment so often fails and why load management is the real lever.
Torbjørn Soligard et al.
Argues that injury risk tracks the ratio between sudden spikes and an athlete's chronic training load, not total training volume alone.
link checked 17 Sept 2026GBD 2021 Low Back Pain Collaborators
Establishes low back pain as the leading global cause of years lived with disability, and argues most of that burden has no identifiable structural cause to operate on.
link checked 17 Sept 2026GBD 2021 Osteoarthritis Collaborators
Quantifies osteoarthritis's rising global burden and projects it will affect a billion people by 2050, driven mainly by ageing and obesity rather than better diagnosis.
link checked 17 Sept 2026J. H. Kellgren & J. S. Lawrence
Proposes a five-grade radiographic scale for osteoarthritis based on osteophytes and joint-space narrowing, giving epidemiological studies of the disease a shared, reproducible definition for the first time.
link checked 17 Sept 2026John Charnley
Introduces low-friction arthroplasty using a small metal femoral head against a high-density polyethylene socket cemented in place, the design that became the modern total hip replacement.
Jacquelin Perry
Sets out a systematic framework for describing the gait cycle and reading its deviations as evidence of specific underlying weaknesses or deformities, the reference model taught in clinical gait laboratories.